Kandel et al., 2018) but habitat degradation, poaching and developmentalĪctivities in most part of their ranges are also among major threats to Particularly high for Galliformes for food, skins or recreation as wellĪs hunt by local and non-local professional hunters (Awan et al., 2012 In Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir hunting pressure is Presence in lower altitude makes it to restrict to higher range, whichĬauses higher mortality rate during winter. On the other hand during winter season human Habitat loss are major threats to this species (Selvan et al., 2013).ĭuring winter when ground is covered with snow, Himalayan Monal isįorced to descend to lower elevations near human habitation, whereĭensity dependent and intra-specific competition increases predation and Hunting for coloured plumage and meat, habitat degradation, and (Chen et al., 2017 Kumar, 2018) including Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Which its population is declining throughout its distribution range This spectacular bird is facing different anthropogenic threats due to (Bhattacharya and Sathyakumar, 2007 Poudyal, 2008 Zaman, 2008 JolliĪccording to IUCN (2019), the Monal pheasant is Least Concern, but In population density and encounter rate in different areas Population density and encounter rate of Monal pheasant show variation Previous studies on population parameter, Pakistan it is fairly good between 2700 m - 4000 m elevation (Mirza,ġ978 Roberts, 1991). (Ahmed et al., 1999 Qureshi et al., 1999 Saber et al., 1999) while in In Azad Jammu and Kashmir it is distributed between 2600m - 3200mĮlevation range at the steep cliffs near tree line and in the oak trees The world in summer (Howman, 1993 Kaul, 1995 Sathyakumar and Kaul,Ģ007). ItsĪltitudinal range is recorded between1220 m-4500 m in different areas of This type of movement occurs throughout its range. In summers and during breeding period, it prefers the high altitudinalįorest. Variety of altitudinal range that varies with habitat, location andĭuring winter, it descends down to the areas of lower altitude and Not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range sizeĬriterion (BirdLife International, 2019). This species has a very wide range, and hence does (Qureshi et al., 1999 Siraj, 2003 Awan et al., 2006) and Leepa valley Neelum valley (Saber et al., 1999 Awan et al., 2006) Jhelum valley In Azad Jammu and Kashmir this species is distributed in Safaid Koh area of Kurram Agency and to a limited extent in Chitral In Pakistan, this beautifulīird is widely distributed in Kaghan, Swat, Kohistan, Dir, Hazara, and Native to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Myanmar Himalayan Monal is reported in all Himalayan protected areas and is Their habitat may affect them (Bhattacharya and Sathyakumar, 2007). Have a strong preference for their habitat and even a little change in Jolli and Pandit, 2011) of wooded habitat (Richard et al., 2000). They inhabit difficult terrain (Ramesh, 2003 To measure the success and failure of wildlife conservation Quality (Fuller and Garson, 2000 Miller, 2013), therefore can be used Pheasants, including Monal,Īre an important part of ecosystem, useful indicators of environmental Values (Kaul and Shakya, 2001 Seth, 2019). Zones, is well recognized for its ecological, cultural, and esthetic Mountain system, considered as the most significant bio-geographical Phasianidae, Order Galliformes), distributed throughout the Himalayan Monal pheasant (Himalayan Monal, Lophophorus impejanus Family ![]() Valley, Salkhala Game Reserve, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Keywords: Himalayan Monal pheasant, Distribution, Population, Neelum APA style: DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION STATUS OF HIMALAYAN MONAL PHEASANT (LOPHOPHORUSIMPEJANUS) IN SALKHALA GAME RESERVE, NEELUM VALLEY AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR (PAKISTAN). ![]() DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION STATUS OF HIMALAYAN MONAL PHEASANT (LOPHOPHORUSIMPEJANUS) IN SALKHALA GAME RESERVE, NEELUM VALLEY AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR (PAKISTAN)." Retrieved from
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